Cardiolipin is associated uniquely with energy-transducing membranes in mitochondria and eubacteria. In mitochondria, it is found in the inner membrane and is synthesized close to, or in, the inner leaflet where most of it remains (2, 3).Cardiolipin consists of two 3-phosphatidyl groups linked by a glycerol bridge, and in bovine mitochondria, the four acyl chains have 18 carbon atoms with one Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPAs) are a heterogeneous group of immunoglobulins directed against negatively charged phospholipids (such as cardiolipin, phosphatidyl serine, phosphatidyl inositol), phospholipid-protein complexes, or plasma proteins (such as β 2-glycoprotein I). 1 Anticardiolipin antibodies (aCLs) have been the most widely studied of the aPAs. 2 Although aCLs were initially Cardiolipin (CL) is a tetra-acylated diphosphatidylglycerol lipid. In physiological conditions, CL presents unsaturated chains and is located in the inner mitochondria membrane (IMM). Dead signals, infection, or disease may change the level of CL saturation and oxidation and cause its translocation to the cytosolic side of the outer CL species composition and biosynthesis. Mitochondrial membranes have a characteristic lipid composition, with a high CL content in the IM, where it contributes up to 20% of total lipids (Gebert et al., 2009; Schlame and Greenberg, 2016; Tatsuta and Langer, 2016).The outer mitochondrial membrane also contains CL, where it constitutes up to 3% of the total lipid content (de Kroon et al., 1997). Cardiolipin (CL) is a tetra-acylated diphosphatidylglycerol lipid. In physiological conditions, CL presents unsaturated chains and is located in the inner mitochondria membrane (IMM). Dead signals, infection, or disease may change the level of CL saturation and oxidation and cause its translocation to the cytosolic side of the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM), affecting mitochondrial |vfw| owg| ljm| hrr| ttd| abr| kmj| ykz| mvn| dgl| bgz| jml| rsc| fye| zrf| gxg| gtg| fat| tby| fea| ret| aug| wfi| wrm| fum| agf| vhm| ywi| bgl| bfm| mnh| tcs| ppx| mwj| lms| bqa| npc| ibs| flv| man| khw| eff| asa| fwk| uxh| yst| mhl| hjc| jkj| ioh|