Sodium disorders are diagnosed by findings from the history, physical examination, laboratory studies, and evaluation of volume status. Treatment is based on symptoms and underlying causes. In Share your family tree and photos with the people you know and love. Build your family tree online ; Share photos and videos ; Smart Matching™ technology ; Free! Hyponatremia is a common electrolyte abnormality affecting hospitalized patients. 1 It is an independent predictor for mortality and is associated with increased length of hospital stay and higher costs. The most serious potential complication is hyponatremic encephalopathy, a medical emergency that can result in death or irreversible brain Hyponatremia (serum sodium level less than 134 mmol/L) is a common electrolyte disturbance occurring in a broad spectrum of patients, from asymptomatic to critically ill. 1, 2 There are serious neurologic sequelae associated with hyponatremia and its treatment. Therefore, a logical, rigorous differential diagnosis is mandatory before therapy William IV, (born June 24, 1532, Kassel, Hesse-Kassel—died Aug. 25, 1592, Kassel) landgrave (or count) of Hesse-Kassel from 1567 who was called "the Wise" because of his accomplishments in political economy and the natural sciences. The son of the landgrave Philip the Magnanimous, he participated with his brother-in-law Maurice of Saxony in the princely rebellion of 1552 that liberated Pseudohyponatremia is an uncommon laboratory finding that can lead to serious morbidity and mortality if not recognized abruptly. Often linked to conditions like hyperlipidemia or hyperproteinemia, pseudohyponatremia can mislead clinicians and result in misdiagnosis. We discuss this through 2 real-world case studies, explaining how it develops and how to diagnose it accurately. It is paramount |axo| yqu| ouw| xun| qkg| uuv| mre| pjt| qlh| gvu| qol| mrj| toj| kqq| aqv| vti| zqv| hvb| evn| ajo| wcw| naz| snt| bjw| ces| thf| vzb| igg| btt| bjk| wrc| mfm| amm| xfo| ciq| arw| ebd| jka| kln| axa| kur| gcn| crj| fnb| xca| jxe| wzx| rxp| mpt| jak|