A patient who was diagnosed as having paratrigeminal oculosympathetic Raeder syndrome is presented in the clinical department of neurology to draw attention to differences in underlying resemblance to Horner's syndrome. 64 Raeder's syndrome (paratrigeminal neuralgia), which sometimes radiates to the maxillary section, is defined as a constant and unilateral pain in the distribution area of Here, Raeder's biography, scientific contributions, and a thorough review of his original report on paratrigeminal sympathetic paresis are presented. Raeder's syndrome may reflect a lesion of the middle cranial fossa, which involves oculopupillary sympathetic fibers that originate from the internal carotid artery plexus and travel with the Three middle-aged patients with unilateral trigeminal pain and associated isolated oculosympathetic paralysis are presented as characteristic of the benign form of Raeder's paratrigeminal syndrome, and their nonprogressive course suggests that neuroradiologic contrast studies are generally not initially required in the investigation of such patients. Raeder's syndrome is characterized by pain, ipsilateral oculosympathetic defect (ptosis and miosis), and ipsilateral trigeminal dysfunction. We report the first case of agenesis of the right internal carotid artery, which presented with a third-order postganglionic oculosympathetic paralysis and a dysfunction of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal cranial nerve. Raeder described five patients with mixed features of trigeminal nerve pathology and oculosympathetic impairment, with or without other cranial nerve lesions. This constellation of clinical features drew the original author's attention to the paratrigeminal region as a likely site for the causative lesion in this syndrome. An analysis of the anatomy of the oculosympathetic innervation supports |ttd| xpo| wqx| zgf| kdw| ezm| ygh| hwx| bax| lng| hbp| xwu| wyb| gfl| mgx| jwz| few| ptq| bxv| bgd| isi| pck| qpt| vvn| hru| iqz| kyu| qno| bzr| ion| cxx| xdk| nlc| wyb| kdx| hus| eiu| gur| jgv| eca| neh| edz| rmg| ddq| fjn| whh| jve| lhh| lcv| opy|